Friday, October 15, 2010

CSB #2: Lack of Sunlight can lead to Multiple Sclerosis





Definitions:

  • Multiple Sclerosis: Nervous disorder where people suffer from a loss of Myelin Sheath
  • Myelin Sheath: a layer which surrounds nerve fibers
  • Vitamin D: The primary Vitamin in sunlight
Summary:


Recent studies have lead to the discovery that lack of sunlight (Vitamin D) can lead to a disorder called multiple sclerosis in pregnant women. Multiple sclerosis affects the baby's nervous system and immune system; they don't develop properly, so the baby is left with a nervous disorder. Research was done  in Children's Hospital in Melbourne and Australian National University in Acton about this strange disease to track the source and find a cure. Multiple sclerosis develops in the first three to four months of pregnancy. When a pregnant mother doesn't have enough Vitamin D, her unborn child is most likely to develop MS; studies in Australia show that babied born in mid-months of winter (November-December) have a 32% greater chance of of developing MS, whereas babies born in the mid-months of summer (May - June) have a much less risk of developing MS. 1,524 patients were tested to receive accurate data, and upon analysis, scientists can draw the conclusion that Vitamin D plays a key role in the development of MS in pregnant women.

Discussion

I found this article very interesting;  as neurology has always fascinated me, this article appealed to me very much.Vitamin D is a vitamin which is often treated as less important than the others just because you get it from sunlight. But it is a serious problem to have a Vitamin D deficiency. This makes you stop and think--not only does sunlight play a role in photosynthesis, like we are learning right now, but it can also lead to major nervous diseases! Hopefully, in the future, more research will be done so that MS can be prevented.

Questions
  • If too little sunlight can cause a serious nervous disorder, can an excess of sunlight do the same?
  • If a vitamin D deficiency is not so uncommon in the winter, are there any supplements pregnant women can take to prevent Multiple Sclerosis?
Citations
  • United Press International Inc. "Lack of Sunlight Increses MS Risk." Science 
         
    Online. N.p., 30 Apr. 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2010.
         <http://www.fofweb.com/Science/default.asp?ItemID=WE40>.
  • Multiple Sclerosis Nerve. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2010. 
         <http://chattahbox.com/images/2009/06/multiple_sclerosis_nerve.jpg>.





Wednesday, September 22, 2010

CSB#01: Cloning

(Dolly, the first animal clone)




Definitions
  • Cloning: The process of producing an organism with identical genetic makeup as of the parent organism.
  • Embryo: Premature offspring; the stage when the egg is fertilized and the baby is developing (before birth).
  • Morula: An embryo consisting of cells in a solid ball-like structure.
  • Chromosomes: A long strand of DNA which contains the genes and the instructions on how to build the cells.
Summary
  • 1996, the first animal was cloned -- it was a sheep named Dolly.
  • Animals are cloned by replacing the nucleus of an egg cell with the nucleus from another individual.
  • Human embryos have been cloned, but they have not passed the early stage of a morula; the first person to clone an embryo was Robert Lanza.
  • Approximately 25% of cloned animals are failures or have something wrong with them.
  • Scientists have found the genome for Homo Sapiens and almost for Neanderthals.
  • Fossilized DNA is not accurate (damaged), but it can be cloned.
  • One extinct animal has been cloned-- a bucardo, but it died after birth because its lungs were not correctly formed.
Discussion
  • Just like Church said, if someone discovers a hidden talent too late, they could tell their clone to explore that so that they can live "a fuller live".
  • In the future, since less talent will be 'lost', this might lead to greater scientific developments.
  • Greater developments in cloning might by held back, since we are not yet sure for they will be accepted into society.
Questions
  • Is it possible to clone humans through animal egg cells (with a human nucleus) as opposed to only a human egg cell?
  • Can cloning animals with rare disorders make it easier to learn about the symptoms and how to treat them?
Sources
  • Choi, Charles Q. "Cloning of a Human." Science Reference Center. N.p., June
         2010. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. <http://puffin.harker.org:2092/ehost/
         detail?vid=3&hid=109&sid=a88c9bb7-03a9-4673-8aa6-4d87d1e79da3%40sessionmgr104&bda
         ta=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=50456416>.
  • Dolly the Sheep Clone. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2010.
         <http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/11_02/DollySheepR_468x336.jpg>